Production:
Production is the mental and physical power of humanity that operates on nature and changes the material provided by nature to create means of life, goods and services. It is a major component of the economy, and distribution is the other.
In the process of production, human beings work not only upon nature, but also upon one another. They produce only by working together in a specified manner and reciprocally exchanging their activities. In order to produce, they enter into definite connections and relations to one another, and only within these social connections and relations does their influence upon nature operate—that is, does production take place.
(K. Marx, Wage Labor and Capital, 1847.)
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labor /ch05.htm
(See, Economy.)
Production (reproduction):
Reproduction is a process of renewal and the continuous gathering together and deployment of natural resources, material goods, human labor and recreation of the productive relations at the foundation of the economy. Reproduction and production are not the same.
Each cycle of capitalist production creates commodities. Capitalist reproduction also recreates wage-labor and the social relations of bourgeois inequality on an expanded scale. Under socialism some bourgeois inequality ingrained in the society’s social pattern and expressed in the force of habit will persist and be combatted by the proletariat in power. Later concrete first-stage communist relations of production will not reproduce inequality that was sustained by private property relations because private property will be abolished.
Reproduction differs under different historical conditions. A distinction is made between simple reproduction, in which the process of production is renewed on an unchanged scale, and expanded reproduction, in which it is renewed on an ever-increasing scale. Simple reproduction was typical of precapitalist formations.
Capitalist reproduction. Under capitalist conditions, reproduction involves not just the reproduction of material goods but also the reproduction of capital and of surplus value, and the moving force is the pursuit of surplus value, or profit. This pursuit of surplus value and competition motivates capitalists to carry out expanded reproduction or accumulation of capital. Under capitalist conditions, reproduction of the work force is characterized by its reproduction as a commodity: hired workers, consuming the essentials of life — which they have bought with their wages — renew their ability to work in order to sell it to the capitalists again and again. Because the exploitative relations are renewed in capitalist society between the class of hired workers and the class of capitalists, there is also reproduction of capitalist production relations.
(Reproduction.)
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/reproduction
Production (social):
Having arisen out of nature, human beings carry on a struggle in nature, first against it and then increasingly in conformity with its natural laws for the production of material values, not in isolation from each other, not as separate individuals, but in common, in groups, in societies. This common activity in pursuit of preserving and perpetuating the generations is social production.
All previous and current modes of production are social production. In the production of material values, people still enter into mutual relations of one kind or another.
Production (socialized):
Socialized production developed on the basis of the industrial revolution, which created a new division of labor, wherein groups of people working together were required to work together and operate huge machinery to create a single product. Socialized production became dominant over production based on the individual labor of handicraftsmen and production based on the old feudal guild system. Driven by the industrial revolution, large-scale industry amalgamated thousands of workers under one roof who worked together, in organic connection and deployed the new means of production that could only be operated by large groups of people. Socialized production and social production are different concepts. All production is social because human beings must work together, in cooperation with each other, to exist on earth. Socialized production refers to industrial means of production that must be worked in common by groups of people, in a system of cooperation.
Then came the concentration of the means of production and of the producers in large workshops and manufactories, their transformation into actual socialized means of production and socialized producers. But the socialized producers and means of production and their products were still treated, after this change, just as they had been before — i.e., as the means of production and the products of individuals. Hitherto, the owner of the instruments of labor had himself appropriated the product, because, as a rule, it was his own product and the assistance of others was the exception. Now, the owner of the instruments of labor always appropriated to himself the product, although it was no longer his product but exclusively the product of the labor of others. Thus, the products now produced socially were not appropriated by those who had actually set in motion the means of production and actually produced the commodities, but by the capitalists. The means of production, and production itself, had become in essence socialized.
(F. Engels Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, 1880.) http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/ch03.htm
